Impacts of Biochar and Vermicompost Addition on Physicochemical Characteristics, Metal Availability, and Microbial Communities in Soil Contaminated with Potentially Toxic Elements

In the current work, effects of biochar, vermicompost, as well their combined application on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated. this regard, four treatments performed; among them, treatment A served a control without additive, B vermicompost (2%), C biochar D (2%) plus (2%). addition, abundance structure AOA AOB amoA gene measured using quantitative PCR high-throughput sequencing. The relationships between microbial community, physicochemical parameters, CaCl2-extractable PTEs analyzed Pearson correlation method. We found that adding promoted immobilization nitrogen biotransformation. rational use is beneficial for growth bacterial fungal communities polluted by PTEs. genes stimulated combination, but was hardly affected.